Beginner Music Steps: Clefs and Time Signatures

Clefs

A clef is a symbol that sits at the beginning of every staff of music that you look at. A staff contains five lines and four spaces. How do you know where the note A or the note C is? The missing element needed is the clef. The clef defines what notes go where functioning a lot like a map. Placing a treble clef at the start of the staff defines the lines and spaces with note names.

The treble clef circles around the note G. This is why it's commonly called the G clef. As for the notes, there is an important pattern. Look at the lowest line, which is designated E. Follow the musical alphabet to find where the next note is. The F is in the space just above the E. The staff ascends in this fashion - line, then space, then line - as it cycles through the musical alphabet (A-B-B-D-E-F-G).

Even though you may understand the notes on both clefs, the only way to get proficient is to read other clefs as often as you can. Set aside a few minutes a day to look at other clefs so you can easily identify their notes. Since clefs define notes, you can almost think of being able to read in many clefs as a kind of musical literacy.

The bass clef is a different clef than the treble and identifies not only different note names but also notes in different ranges. The bass clef is used for instruments that have a lower pitch, like a bass guitar. Even though the bass clef sits on the same five-line staff, it defines very different note names. Many musicians read treble clef because it is the most common clef. Because of this, too many musicians have a greater difficulty reading bass clef than reading treble clef. In order to progress your understanding of theory, you will need to be adept at reading all clefs.

Moveable "C" Clefs

The last type of clef is called the C clef. Typically, you see this clef associated with the viola because it's the most common instrument that reads in that clef; however, more instruments than just the viola read it. When the C-clef is used with the viola, it is called the alto clef. Thankfully, this clef is very easy to read because the symbol for the C clef has two semicircles that curve into the middle of the staff and basically "point" toward the middle line, which is a C. It's not just any C, it's middle C.

Alto Clef

Since this is a movable clef, you can place the clef anywhere you want, and whatever lines its two semicircles point to become middle C. Some very old choral music uses a different movable C clef for each part (tenor clef, alto clef, and soprano clef). Just as long as you know that the clef always points toward middle C, you will be able to decipher the notes in this clef.

Point to Consider

When notes use ledger lines that are extremely high or extremely low, they can be difficult to read; it's much easier to read notes that sit in the staff you are reading. Using different clefs allows you to move the location of middle C in such a way that the majority of your notes are in and around the staff.

Time

Time is a fundamental aspect of music theory that is often left out of the formal music theory study. Time has more to it than just measures counting beats and bars. Time can dictate the feel and flow of a piece, and even harmony has a rhythm to it, aptly called "harmonic rhythm."

Time Signatures

Music is divided into bars, also called measures, for reading convenience and for musical purposes. Most music adheres to a meter, and that affects the phrasing of the melody. If you don't have a lot of experience with reading, rhythm can be a very difficult concept to grasp.

The most standard time signature is 4/4 time, which is also called "common time" and is abbreviated by this symbol c.

Common time looks like a fraction and it signifies two things. First, the top number 4 means that every measure will have four beats in it. The bottom number 4 indicates what note value will receive the beat; in this case, 4 stands for a quarter note. So common time breaks up each measure into four beats, as a quarter note receives one beat. You can, of course, further divide the measure into as many small parts as you feel like, but in the end, it must add up to four beats.

So, I just wanted to introduce you to a few "Beginner Music Steps" for Tuesday Teaching with LadyD!

For more Beginner Music Steps, visit:

Wheels On The Bus

Beginner Piano Lessons

Beginner Steps To Success

Beginner Corner: Ledger Lines

Discover how to play by ear. Over 20 chapters in the 300pg Course Book

Blessings,

-- LadyD



 "The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

Learn To Play I Need You

Maranatha! Music (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

I Need You was written by Rick Founds in 1989 and this arrangement was copyrighted in 1990 by Maranatha! Music. I've played the song many times in church. Are you familiar with the tune? It's written in the Key of D with a 4/4 time signature.

I don't know about you but I find myself dependent upon God and His strength many times throughout the day. Looking back over my life, I would say He has always been so faithful to me. He knows me so well, loves me and is so patient with me. I believe it is the same with you.

1. Key of C

  C     C/B                 Am

Lord, look upon my need

  Dm7           G7sus          G

I need You, I  need  You

  C               C/B               Am7   Am7/G

Lord, have mercy now on me

     Dm7      C#dim             Dm7      Gsus

Forgive me,    O    Lord, forgive me

  G                   C        2nd: G/B

And I will be clean

(repeat)

Am Dm7                    G                     C   G/B   Am

 O   Lord, You are familiar with my ways

                        D                      Gsus   G   E/G#

There is nothing hid from You

Am Dm7                           G                    C   C/B   Am

 O   Lord, You know the number of my days

                D                  Gsus   G

I want to live my life for You

  C              C/B                Am

Lord, have mercy now on me

     Dm7     C#dim             Dm7      Gsus

Forgive me,   O    Lord, forgive me

  G                   C

And I will be clean

2. Key of D

  D     D/C#                 Bm7  D/A

Lord, look upon my need

  Em7           A7sus          A7

I need You, I  need  You

  D               D/C#               Bm7   D/A

Lord, have mercy now on me

     Em7      D#dim7             Em7      Asus

Forgive me,    O    Lord, forgive me

  A7                 D        2nd: G/B

And I will be clean

(repeat)

Bm Em7                    A                     D   D/C#   Bm

 O   Lord, You are familiar with my ways

                    E7    A/E   E     Asus   A   

There is nothing hid from You

Bm Em7                           A                    D   D/C#   Bm

 O   Lord, You know the number of my days

                E7                  A   G/A  A

I want to live my life for You

  D              D/C#                Bm  D/A

Lord, have mercy now on me

     Em7     D#dim7             Em7      Asus

Forgive me,   O    Lord, forgive me

  A7                   D

And I will be clean

3. Chord Breakdown

DA/DF#   Lord,

C#A/DF# look upon my

DF#/AD   need

AF#/D      I

E/BDA     need You. I

A/DEA     need

A/C#E     You.

DA/DF#   Lord, have

C#A/DF# mercy now on

BF#/AD    me

AF#/D       For-

EB/DA      give me

D#A/F#C  O Lord, for-

EB/DA      give

E/BD         me

A/DE

A/C#G      and I will be

D/F#AD    clean

C#/F#A

B/F#B        O

E/DGB      Lord, You are fa-

A/EC#       miliar with my

D/F#A       ways

C#/E

B/DF#       There is

E/DG#B    nothing

E/C#EA    hid

E/BEG#    from

A/DEA      You

A/C#E

B/F#D       O

E/DGB      Lord, You know the

A/EC#      number of my

D/F#A      days

B/DF#      I want to

E/DG#B  live my life for

A/C#EA   You.

A/GBD

A/AC#E

DA/DF#    Lord, have

C#A/DF#  mercy now on

DF#/AD    me, For-

EB/DA      give me,

D#A/F#C  O Lord, for-

EB/DA       give

EB/BDG    me

A/DE

A/C#G       and I will be

D/F#AD     clean.

Another popular worship song by Rick Founds, I Love Your Grace...
You can find the chords, here.

Learn to play your favorite songs with this software tool, Songrobot

I hope you enjoy learning the song, I Need You.
If you enjoyed this blog post, please consider following on Bloglovin'
Keep in touch with me on Twitter, Facebook, Google+, YouTube and Pinterest, too!

 
"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

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Rhythm Tips

My grandson had a fabulous time at our church Harvest Festival. He went on the slide, bungee slide and velcro wall, to name a few. I got to thinking about his rhythm and how it changed with every event he attended. So it is with musicians and their rhythm. Keep practicing the scales, inversions and octaves. Here are a few articles I wrote awhile back on rhythm.

• Beginner

Quarter Note = 1 count

A quarter note is all black with a stem on it either going up or down. I call it our "stepping" note because the note just steps and moves along. With 4/4 time, you would have a measure of 4 quarter notes because one quarter note gets 1 count. Remember music and math go together.

Half Note = 2 counts

A half note is all white with a stem on it. When playing this kind of note you would pause, like coming to a yellow traffic light. You would play a half note, counting 1 & 2 &. With 4/4 time, you would have 2 half notes in a measure to play because 2 + 2 = 4. Remember music and math go together!

If you are not sure what a measure in written music is, always remember that the notes placed between bar lines is a measure. Bar lines divide music into measures. When looking at a piece of music, go to the very end of a song and there you will find a double bar line.

Repeat Dots (Repeat Sign)

The two dots at the end of the piece are a repeat sign, meaning to play the song from the beginning. Sometimes my students ask, "Oh, do I have to?" The answer is "yes" because the composer intended for that section of music to be played again! Another way to look at it is that you will not have more pages to turn. Just play the first page again or perhaps it will be just a few lines repeated. The repeat sign is a very valuable sign indeed.

Whole Note = 4 counts

A whole note is a white note, too but it does not have a stem on it. I call it our doughnut note. Some of my students call it a "hamburger" note! When you see a whole note, you must hold the note down and count, 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 &. It is just like coming to a red light and making a full stop.

Dotted Half Note = 3 counts

A dot after a note adds half the value of the note. So, you now have 2 + 1 = 3 beats. You hold the note down and count, 1 & 2 & 3 &.
Now, the cool thing is that every type of music note has a corresponding rest. A rest sign means "do not play" like a rest area. Sometimes it means get your hand ready in position and move up, yet still do not play a note, just rest! Examples of some rests are:

Quarter Rest

It looks like a "Z" and a quarter rest gets 1 count.

Half Rest

It looks like a black top hat. A half rest gets 2 counts or beats of silence. A half rest sits above the third line.

Whole Rest

Looks like an upside down black top hat. The whole rest hangs below the fourth line. It gets 4 counts or beats of silence.
Each measure in 4/4 time has notes and rests adding up to 4 counts.

Time Signature

The time signature is the two numbers written at the beginning of a piece. The top number tells how many beats are in each measure. The bottom number tells what kind of note gets one beat.
2 means two beats in each measure
4 means the quarter note receives one beat or count.
3 means three beats in each measure.
4 means the quarter note gets one beat.
4 means four beats in each measure
4 means the quarter note gets one beat.

Practice Directions

1. Clap and count the rhythm aloud.

2. Play and say the name of notes aloud.

3. Play and count the rhythm aloud.

 Article Source

• Intermediate

Tempo is the speed of any piece of music. Just like driving a car and seeing the 45 M.P.H. speed sign, it is the same for Tempo words in music.

At the very top left hand corner, on the beginning page of your sheet music, you will often see a word that tells you how fast or how slow to play a particular song. Sometimes you will be asked to slow down your speed of playing in a particular passage.

Usually you will find that these tempo words are written in Italian. Here are some of the more common Italian words you will discover in music. It does help to memorize most of these words. Having flash cards to quiz yourself is a very good idea.

Slow Tempo Marks:

Adagio (play with ease)
Largo (very slow and broad)
Lento (very slow)
Grave (heavy and solemn)

Medium Tempo Marks:

Andante (a moderate, graceful, walking tempo)
Andantino (a little slower than andante)
Moderato (a moderate tempo)
Molto (very)
Larghetto (somewhat slow)

Fast Tempo Marks:

Allegretto (lively and quick but a little slower than Allegro))
Allegro (cheerful, fast and quick)
Vivace (lively and brisk)
Presto (very fast)
Prestissimo (very, very fast)

Right in the middle of a piece, you will see that the composer has decided he wants you to slow down. Look for a new tempo marking at the very beginning of a new section. Here's what to look for.

Gradually Getting Faster:

Accelerando (becoming gradually faster and abbreviated accel.)
Stringendo (quickening)

Gradually Getting Slower:

Ritardando (becoming gradually slower and abbreviated rit.)
Ritenuto (held back)
Rallentando (becoming gradually slower)
Rattenuto (holding back and slowing down)

When you slow down at the end of a phrase of music or a particular section of a composition, you will notice at the start of the next section a new word, a tempo. This means to go back to the original tempo. It is like slowing down while driving a car because you see a sign that says, "Speed Reduced Ahead.", and then going back up to the regular speed limit once again.

Now your piano practice sounds playful and energetic while observing accelerando. Sometimes your moderato walking tempo sounds smooth dance-like. Time completely changes within a song all because you changed speed when playing the piano. The pace of a piece of music becomes alive because you have observed tempo marks with expression. Well done.

 Article Source

6/8 Time Signature

This time signature can be a bit tricky to play at first. When you first learn to read music, the time signature usually has a 4 on the bottom: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4. This means that a quarter note gets counted as 1 beat.

When you see a time signature with an 8 on the bottom like 6/8, this means that an eighth note is counted as 1 beat and there are six eighth notes in each measure.

When you look at some music, you will notice that six eighth  notes are grouped together into two groups of three eighth notes.

Things to watch out for in 6/8:

The three notes in 6/8 are not triplets but eighth notes.

This time signature will often feel like the music has two strong beats instead of six. We often feel a strong beat for each group of three eighth notes.

• Advanced

Sometimes you see the triplet sign situated on top of the first measure of a song. Most often it follows the indication of style such as swing, boogie-woogie, big band, rock-a-ballad, funky shuffle, slow blues, back-beat, be-bop, dixieland, twelve-eight feel, jazz-waltz, salsa, soft-shoe, country, gospel-waltz, bounce, jump or groove tempo.

These eighth-notes are sometimes called rolled eighths. If you have a rhythm machine handy, set it to swing, rock-ballad, whatever. Make sure your beat-box has a setting that goes (1-2-3, 2-2-3, 3-2-3, 4-2-3) or a variation of that beat. Set the tempo to 82 (Andante). Once you have mastered that tempo, just increase the tempo.

• Practice: Left Hand Chords with Single Right Hand Notes

C/C, D, E

G7/F, G, A, B

C/C, C, B, A

G7/G, F, E, D

C/C

G7/G

Db/Db, Eb, F

Ab7/Gb, Ab, Bb, C

Db/Db, Db, C, Bb

Ab/Ab, G, F, Eb

Db/Db

Ab7/Ab

D/D, E, F#

A7/G, A, B, C#

D/D, D, C#, B

A7/A, G, F#, E

D/D

A7/A

Keep ascending by a half-step. Then increase the tempo.

Sometimes you may be wondering when a composer wants you to play straight eighth notes. When there are both dotted eighths and sixteenths, regular eighth notes are played straight. Some professional musicians will make notes on their sheets when it comes to sudden key changes, difficult passage, time signature changes, etc. 

If interested, visit Backpocket Band Software It will help you keep a beat and works with pcs and macs. Easy to use on the computer, next to your keyboard or piano.






"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

5 Sites for Free Music Worksheets

Welcome to Friday Freebie! I thought I'd get back to the swing of things this summer. If you're looking for free print outs to help with your own music studies, or perhaps to share with your students, then hopefully this list will help. Sometimes building your own music resources is a great addition to your music library, as well as purchased music books and dvds.

List

1. Opus Music Worksheets

Here you'll find flash cards for tempos and worksheets on time signatures, rests and note values.

2. Pianoanne

These teeny tiny flash cards are just right to place over the piano keys for teaching purposes. You'll find tons of teaching aides here, along with major and minor references numerous free printables.

3. Fun and Learn Music

This is the place to learn Treble Clef and Bass Clef notes. You'll find tons of note reading, interval, sharps, whole steps work sheets  and much more at this site.

4. Jennifer Pins Music

For the younger child at home, let's say the 4 year olds on up, you can find charts on music rhythm values and more for the beginner. Even a Christmas ornament that is so easy to make.

5. Music Motivation

Jerald Simon has a great website with some valuable PDF resources. Take a look around, especially for more in-depth studies of scales and chords for the intermediate and advanced.

Happy Friday!







"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

Related articles

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Five Building Blocks of Music

5 Building Blocks of Music

 Beginner's Corner

I was observing my three-year-old grandson playing with his wooden blocks and watching him turn these blocks into some beautiful buildings. I thought about how books are structured with letters, words and punctuation marks that turn into stories.

When I teach children how to read sheet music, they learn that music has its own symbols. It is not all about music notes but there are signs and symbols to learn as well.

 Here are five basic signs to learn.

1. The Grand Staff

2. The Clef

3. The Key Signature

4. Time Signature

5. Bar Lines and Measures

The Grand Staff has five lines and four spaces in the Treble Clef, which the notes written on the staff. The notes for the right hand are usually written on the top of the staff and the notes for the left hand are on the bottom staff, with 5 lines and 4 spaces. When you begin learning to read notes that are on the Grand staff, I call this the right hand shaking hands with the left hand, you'll see that both staffs are connected with a bar line and bracket. We call this the Grand Staff. Now your sheet music will have 10 lines and 8 spaces.

Here's what the dictionary says:

The Clef is the symbol at the beginning of each staff. It tells you what each note is. In the G Clef or some call it Treble Clef, the second line from the bottom is the G note. Sometimes I refer to it as a kitty sitting on the fence and it's tail wraps around the G line.

The F or Bass Clef looks like a backwards C with two dots on either side of the F line. The F is the second line from the top. You can figure out all the other notes from there. The notes written in the bass clef are played with your left hand.

The Key Signature is always at the beginning of each line of music and you will often see sharps or flats written on the staff. They tell you which notes are always sharp or flat in the music.

Time Signature has two numbers, one on the top and one on the bottom. It looks like a fraction in mathematics without the line. It is one number on top of the other. The top number tells you how many beats there will be in each measure, and the bottom number shows you what kind of note is the beat and gets one count.

Bar lines are thin pencil-like lines that divide a measure from the next one. There is usually a double bar line at the end of a piece. A double bar line, that has two dots before it is called a repeat sign. This tells you to play part of the music again. You can find a repeat sign at the end of the first line of music, somewhere in the middle of the song or at the end. Look for it. You'll want to play the verses of a song and repeat the chorus, too.

Now the measures in music is the space between the bar lines. Each measure has the same number of beats. Many times you will notice that measures are numbered and this helps group player performing a duet or for a conductor to regroup all the instruments to begin playing at measure nine. Indeed, it is fun to learn the building blocks of music.

One of the best theory books I recommend and I mean it's a huge one in learning lots of music principles is 300pg Course Book. Be sure and use a pencil with this one because you'll be filling in lots of blanks for future reference and quick recall for some answers.

All the best and keep practicing!

"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

How To Play All Things New

Cover of All Things New

Steven Curtis Chapman wrote the words and music in 2004 to All Things New. He's such a great artist. For more information, read his bio here. I found these chords online and in the second chord chart, I have the sheet music. Play it joyfully with 4/4 time signature.

And He that sat upon the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” (Rev. 21:5)

ALL THINGS NEW
Steven Curtis Chapman

Verse 1
C
You spoke and made the sunrise, to light up the very first day 
C                                                                       A#
You breathed across the water, and started the very first wave  It was You 
C
You introduced Your glory, to every living creature on earth 
C
And they started singing, the first song to ever be heard              
                A#
They sang for You 

[ Tab from: http://www.guitaretab.com/s/steven-curtis-chapman/273281.html ]
Chorus 2
                     C                        F
You make all things new, You make all things new 
        Am               G             F
You redeem and You transform, You renew and You restore 
                     C                         F 
You make all things new, You make all things new 
         Am           G                F
And forever we will watch and worship You 


Verse 2
C
Then the world was broken, fallen and battered and scarred 
C                                                A
You took the hopeless, the life, wasted, ruined and marred
A#
And made it new 


Bridge
               F                          Am
You turn winter into spring,  You take every living thing 
           F                           G     A#
And You breathe Your breath of life into it over and over again 


Verse 3
You made the sunrise, day after day after day 
But there's a morning coming, when old things will all pass away 
And everyone will see  

    

*******
The song is off of Sparrow Records. You can hear it, here.

ALL THINGS NEW
Steven Curtis Chapman

Verse 1
C
You spoke and made the sunrise, to light up the very first day 
C                                                                       A#
You breathed across the water, and started the very first wave  It was You 
C5
You introduced Your glory, to every living creature on earth 
C                             Csus2 C        Csus     Am7
And they started singing, the first song to ever be heard              
              Bbsus2
They sang for You 


Chorus 2
                     C                        Fsus2
You make all things new, You make all things new 
        Am               G             F         Fsus2
You redeem and You transform, You renew and You restore 
                     C                         Fsus2        
You make all things new, You make all things new 
         Am           G                Fsus
And forever we will watch and worship You 


Verse 2
C5
Then the world was broken, fallen and battered and scarred 
C                          Csus2  C       Csus         Am7
You took the hopeless, the life, wasted, ruined and marred
Bbsus2
And made it new 


Bridge
               F                          Am
You turn winter into spring,  You take every living thing 
           Fsus2                G              Bbsus2
And You breathe Your breath of life into it over and over again 


Verse 3

C 

You made the sunrise, day after day after day

                                   Csus2 C   Csus          Am7

But there's a morning coming, when old things will all pass away

Bbsus2 

And everyone will see 

The intro has 5 measures of dotted quarter notes, followed by quick eighth notes. 

Then there's tons of broken octave work.

C

C/E

Fsus2

Dm7(add4)

Bb6/9 

So, throughout the song there's a few chords you need to know. Sometimes the inversion changes.
These chords aren't in any particular order.

C  = CGC/GCG
C = C/GCE
C = C/EGC
C5 =  C/CG
C5 = C/CGC
C/E = EE/GCG
Csus2 = C/CDG
Csus2 = C/GCD
Fsus2 = FCF/CDG
Fsus2 = F/GCE
Fsus2 = F/FGC
Am7 = A/EGC
Am7 = A/GCE
Am7 = A/GCDE
Am = A/ACE
Bbsus2 = Bb/FBbC
Bbsus2 = Bb/BbCEF
G5 = G/GD

So, when you play "You introduced your glory", it goes like this:

C/GC
C/GD
C/GE
C/GF

It's such a beautiful song.
All Things New

Feel the Music II Buy From Art.com

Have a blessed day,






"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

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How To Play Triplets Against Eighth Notes

India Eighth notes and rest (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Beginner's Corner

Each quarter note can be divided into two equal eighth notes or four equal sixteenth notes.

Sometimes composers want to put three equal notes into a quarter note. This is called a triplet. Triplets are three equal notes that fit into the amount of time usually takne up by one quarter note or two eighth notes.

Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata has many triplets in one measure of music.

Try this clapping exercise:
1. Turn on the metronome to a slow beat, quarter note = 60.
2. Clap just the beat.
3. Listen and feel the beat in your head.
4. Then clap 3 times for each tick of the metronome.
5. Triplets all need to be the same length. Say a 3-syllable word like straw-ber-ry or can-ta-loupe as you clap. Each part of the word is part of the triplet.

 Intermediate Corner

How To Play Triplets Against Eighth Notes

Have you seen music where one hand has triplets while the other plays eighth notes? This can be a bit tricky at first. It is a bit like patting your head and rubbing your tummy. You are doing two different things at once.

The trick to playing two notes in one hand against three notes in the other is that none of the notes within the beat will line up together; except for the first note.

In one hand you'll have to fit two equal notes into each beat, while the other will have to fit three equal notes in the same amount of time. It may sound like the two hands are not exactly in-synch or together.

Follow These Steps

1. First clap triplets and eighths. Work until you can change easily from one to the other. Use a metronome to check that you have a steady beat. Feel how the groups of two and three fit into the beat.

2. Play a scale with a metronome. Play eighth notes going up (1 eighth to a note of the scale) and triplets coming down. Then switch and play triplets going up and eighths coming down.

3. Play each hand's part separately. Switch back and forth between the two like you did with the clapping.

4. Divide the beat into six equal parts. The eighth notes will fall on the first and third beats of the six. The triplets will be played on the first, third, and fifth note in the group of six. As a result the second eighth note comes right after the second triplet. At first, you might have to count to six each time you play both hands, placing each eighth note and each triplet in the correct spot. This will get easier with time and practice, and soon you will start hearing where each note falls within the beat, without having to work so hard.

Advanced Corner

I'll be posting part two real soon on more rhythm stuff. I hope you'll check out part one, Where's The Beat?

So, for sure you'll want to keep up with your Hanon Exercises

Here's more valuable resources to research:

Hanon - Virtuoso Pianist in 60 Exercises - Complete: Schirmer's Library of Musical Classics

 Blues Hanon

 Jazz Hanon

 Junior Hanon

Breakdancers Buy From Art.com

All the best,

 



"The beautiful thing about learning is that no one can take it away from you." B.B.King

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