So the I IV V chords will harmonize every note in a given melody providing it stays in key. You can replace the two chord for the four chord, so now we get the 2 5 1...
You can expand the one chord, meaning if you are sitting on it for a while
you can play different bass notes under to help create motion. That is where we get the 1 3 6 2 5 1... the vi chord and the iii chord fill in for the 1 chord and the vii fills in for the V chord. The vi chord can also lead to the IV chord.
All this may seem confusing but it all starts with the I chord and the V chord and the IV. If you just use these three chords you can play with most songs. I wrote 3 Chords You Just Gotta know! You can check it out here:
http://zone.hearandplay.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Reviews&file=index&req=showcontent&id=48
When you get more advanced you can use the 2 5 1 as a little intro to each new chord you will play.
So to introduce the I chord you play ii V and then I... When you want to go to the IV chord you introduce it by playing a ii V I in the key of the IV chord. So if you were in the key of C and you want to go to the F, you introduce the F by playing g min7 C7
Fmaj...2 5 1... Now you have it! 2 5 1 are derived from 4 5 1 and they have over time become embellishments as well static chords to rest on to support the melody.
Where to apply them:
2-5-1 is used most times at the end of a piece of music to resolve the progression back to 1. See both examples below.
No Weapon by Fred Hammond Example-Key of Ab
/Ab, Bb, C – There, is, No
8. Ab-Ab/EbGBbC, Bb, Ab – Weapon
7. G-G/DbFGBb(7), C/DbEGBb(3)- Formed (Circle of 4th – G, C, F or 7-3-6)
6. F-F/EbFAbC(6), Bb, Ab – Against Me
5. Eb-Eb/DbGbBb(5), Ab-Ab/CGbBb(1) – That Shall (Circle of 4th – Eb, Ab, Db or 5-1-4)
4. Db-Db/EbFAbC(4), Bb, Ab – Not Prosper
(Now look at the last five notes of the Ab ex. Above C, F, Bb, Eb, Ab – all using the circle of 4th 3-6-2-5-1)
3. C-C/BbEbAb(3), FCEb/BbCEbAb(6)– Use this chord instead of previous
2. Bb-Bb/CDbFAb(2) – It Won’t
Eb-Eb/DbFAbBb(5) - Work
1. Ab-Ab/EbGBbC(1), Bb, Ab – Weapon
Jesus is Love by Commodores-Key of Ab
8. Ab-Ab/EbGBbC – Father
7. G-G/DbFGBb(7), C/DbEGBb(3)- Help Your (Circle of 4th – G, C, F or 7-3-6)
6. F-F/CEbAb(6) – Children
5. Eb-Eb/DbGbBb(5), Ab-Ab/CGbBb(1) – And Don't let them (Circle of 4th – Eb, Ab, Db or 5-1-4)
4. Db-Db/AbCEbF(4) – Fall
(Now look at the last five notes of the Ab ex. Above C, F, Bb, Eb, Ab – all using the circle of 4th 3-6-2-5-1)
3. C-C/BbEbAb(3), FCEb/BbCEbAb(6)– by the side of the
2. Bb-Bb/CDbFAb(2) – road.
Eb-Eb/DbFAbBb(5)
1. Ab-Ab/EbGBbC(1) – Walk-on
2 5 1 (or ii V I in roman numerals as most theory books will use) is a basic cadential progression throughout music. In other words it leads to a "resting" point, temporary or permanent. The thing is you need to think beyond the ii V I of just the given key (such as in F -- G C F) because, although the song is in F, there may be ii V I patterns leading to other keys.
Take the beginning of "Amazing Grace"
C7 F Cm7 F7 Bb C7 F
A - Mazing Grace How Sweet the Sound
The Cm7 F7 Bb is ii V I in the key of Bb and we have temporarily rested in Bb
Note that IV and ii are almost functionally identical and often interchangeable. A Bb6 chord has the same notes as a Gm7. We could then add a Gm7 between the Bb and the C7 and get a II V I in F.
Am7 Dm7 Gm7 C7 F
Was blind but now I See
Again Gm7 C7 F is ii V I in the key of F.
Note that you could change the Gm7 to a G7
Often ii V I is taught the ii is minor and V is Dominant and I is either Tonic Major or Minor. But actually, they can be about any quality -- the II dominant 7 etc. Note that the Am7 Dm7 G(m)7 progression could be ii V I in G (though functionally here that is stretching things a little bit.
Learn to listen to the bass line for that pattern and note that it may not be in a temporary key of a song.
Another common chord progression is the I IV V IV I... You'll hear this chord progression in Rock, Gospel and Jazz.
Then there's the 12 Bar Progressions, those blues chord progressions.
A great source for these blues chord progressions can be found at the Classic Cat
http://www.classiccat.net/dictionary/chord_progressions.htm
C is the one chord- I Major
Dm is the two - ii minor
Em is the three - iii minor
F is the four - IV Major
G is the five - V Major
Am is the six - vi minor
B diminished is the seven - vii diminished
When you know every chord in the key of C, we can create a chord progression. Here are ten common progressions in the key of C:
I - V
C - G
I - vi - ii - V
C - Am - Dm - G
I - IV
C - F
I - vi - IV - V
C - Am - F - G
I - vi
C - Am
I - vi - ii - vii
C - Am - Dm - Bdim
I - IV - V
C - F - G
I - vi - IV - vii
C - Am - F - B dim
I - ii - V
C - Dm - G
I - vi - V
C - Am - G
Songs which use a simple chord progression (some are above):
1. (I - IV - V) 'La Bamba' - Richie Valens
2. (I - IV) 'You Can't Always Get' - Rolling Stones
3. (IV - V - I) 'Mr. Tambourine Man' - Bob Dylan
My friends over at HearandPlay have posted great information on their blog regarding common chord progressions:
http://www.hearandplay.com/main/learn-these-most-common-chord-progression-types-and-never-get-stuck-again
Stray411 has shared a great video for us on how to build chord progressions using minor chord progressions for an example.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gs2Yb3whXDA
Then there are great ear training and fun, free games about learning chord progressions!
http://www.hry.in/Music_Flash_hry_games/20080418/3034.html
Plus, you can print out this great newsletter from Jermaine Griggs on Gospel Chord Progressions.
http://www.hearandplay.com/piano-chords-piano-chord-progressions/gospel-bass-runs.html
So, chord progressions are definitely related to the scale!
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